Table 4.

Performance variables obtained from the V_peak test, t_lim test, and 5-km running performance for both groups at pre and post-training.

Variables	PLA (n = 15)			PBMG (n = 15)					Magnitude-based inference analysis
	Pre-training	Post-training	Cohen’s ES pre × post [CI 95%]	Pre-training	Post-training	Cohen’s ES pre × post [CI 95%]	Time effect (F; P)	Interaction Time × group (F; P)	Cohen’s ES [CI 95%]	% chances (positive/trivial/negative)	Qualitative inference
Vpeak (km ⋅ h−1)	13.4 ± 1.1	14.4 ± 1.0∗	0.82 [0.65 – 1.00]	13.4 ± 1.2	14.6 ± 1.0∗	1.01 [0.77 – 1.25]	178.39;<0.001	2.282; 0.142	0.21 [−0.08 – 0.50]	53/47/0	Possibly positive for PBMG
HRmax from Vpeak test (bpm)	193 ± 9.3	187 ± 7.3∗	−0.56 [−0.87 – −0.26]	196 ± 10.7	189 ± 9.8∗	−0.56 [−0.68 – −0.44]	59.733; < 0.001	0.271; 0.606	−0.08 [−0.38 – 0.23]	4/76/20	Very Unlikely
RPEmax from Vpeak test (6–20)	19.7 ± 0.6	19.9 ± 0.4	0.31 [−0.17 – 0.38]	19.7 ± 0.8	19.9 ± 0.3	0.31 [−0.20 – 0.82]	3.430; 0.075	0.070; 0.793	0.09 [−0.60 – 0.78]	37/43/20	Unclear
tlim (min)	6.6 ± 0.7	6.9 ± 1.1	0.46 [−0.62 – 1.53]	6.6 ± 1.1	6.8 ± 1.2	0.23 [−0.47 – 0.92]	1.290; 0.266	0.013; 0.910	−0.06 [−1.18 – 1.06]	32/28/40	Unclear
HRmax from tlim test (bpm)	188 ± 9.6	186 ± 8.0	−0.18 [−.048 – 0.11]	192 ± 10.6	187 ± 9.5∗	−0.42 [−0.56 – −0.28]	17.983;<0.001	3.393; 0.076	−0.27 [−0.57 – 0.03]	0/32/67	Possibly positive
RPEmax form tlim test (6–20)	19.9 ± 0.3	19.8 ± 0.4	−0.49 [−1.54 – 0.56]	19.9 ± 0.4	19.9 ± 0.5	0.00 [−0.59 – 0.59]	0.606; 0.443	0.606; 0.443	0.41 [−0.64 – 1.47]	66/22/12	Unclear
t5–km (min)	27.0 ± 3.3	24.1 ± 2.5∗	−0.82 [−1.04 – −0.61]	27.6 ± 3.0	23.9 ± 2.2∗	−1.18 [−1.48 – −0.88]	135.46;<0.001	2.218; 0.148	−0.26 [−0.61 – 0.10]	1/37/63	Possibly positive for PBMG

PLA, placebo group; PBMG, PBM group; ES, effect size; V_peak, peak running velocity; HR_max, maximal heart rate; RPE_max, maximal rating of perceived exertion; t_lim, time limit; t_5-km, 5-km time. ^∗P < 0.05 compared with pre-training in the same group.