Fig. 3.

Opposite functional responses are observed in HCC tumors differentially expressing redox genes. A. Using metabolomics and gene expression data [14], we identified several metabolites with abundances that positively (red) or negatively (blue) correlated with the expression of genes in the ALDH2 and G6PD clusters (Q < 0.05, absolute Spearman's ρ > 0.4). Genes with expression that was not quantified by Ref. ¹⁴ are not indicated. B. GSEA for subjects expressing high and low redox genes in the ALDH2 (blue) and G6PD (orange) clusters. Only processes that were significant (Q < 0.05) in >4 columns are displayed (see Methods). Log₂-normalized test statistics indicate the directionality of the processes (positive are upregulated, negative are downregulated, null are not statistically significant). C. Reporter metabolites were determined, and the minimum Q was computed for those with associated genes that were consistently up- or downregulated across compartments (Q < 0.05). Q values were normalized by computing −1 × log₁₀(minimum Q), or log₁₀(minimum Q), respectively, for up- or downregulated changes. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)