Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke by non-fermented milk or butter intake. N refers to the number of cases in each group. Statistically significant p-values are displayed in superscript.
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Basic Model | Adjusted Model | N | Basic Model | Adjusted Model | |
| Non-fermented milk | ||||||
| T2D | ||||||
| Q0 (non-consumers) | 114 | 1.39 (1.13, 1.70) 0.002 | 1.28 (1.04, 1.58) 0.022 | 95 | 1.36 (1.08, 1.70) 0.009 | 1.34 (1.07, 1.69) 0.012 |
| Q1 (low) | 428 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 328 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 565 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.29) 0.044 | 1.19 (1.05, 1.35) 0.008 | 397 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) |
| Q3 | 440 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.24) | 287 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) |
| Q4 (high) | 609 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.29) 0.043 | 1.17 (1.03, 1.34) 0.018 | 429 | 1.17 (1.01, 1.35) 0.031 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.29) |
| MI | ||||||
| Q0 (non-consumers) | 139 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.46) 0.039 | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 67 | 1.18 (0.90, 1.55) | 1.19 (0.10, 1.56) |
| Q1 (low) | 610 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 262 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 752 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) 0.018 | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28) 0.013 | 326 | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) |
| Q3 | 671 | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 218 | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.11) |
| Q4 (high) | 930 | 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) <0.001 | 1.23 (1.10, 1.37) <0.001 | 320 | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| Q0 (non-consumers) | 95 | 1.21 (0.97, 1.52) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.45) | 92 | 1.29 (1.02, 1.62) 0.031 | 1.27 (1.01, 1.61) 0.042 |
| Q1 (low) | 413 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 340 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 542 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.29) | 1.14 (1.00, 1.30) 0.044 | 398 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) |
| Q3 | 449 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 314 | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) |
| Q4 (high) | 602 | 1.11 (0.98, 1.26) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.26) | 409 | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) |
| Butter | ||||||
| T2D | ||||||
| Q0 (non-consumers) | 261 | 1.33 (1.15, 1.54) <0.001 | 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) 0.003 | 238 | 1.21 (1.03, 1.42) 0.022 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) |
| Q1 (low) | 573 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 380 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 457 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 322 | 0.99 (0.82, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) |
| Q3 | 436 | 0.76 (0.67,0.86) <0.001 | 0.80 (0.71, 0.91) 0.001 | 324 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) |
| Q4 (high) | 429 | 0.87 (0.77, 0.99) 0.031 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 272 | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.05) |
| MI | ||||||
| Q0 (non-consumers) | 271 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.20) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 170 | 1.19 (0.99, 1.45) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) |
| Q1 (low) | 752 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 271 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 632 | 1.06 (0.95, 1.17) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.16) | 233 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.26) |
| Q3 | 826 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.14) | 291 | 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) 0.039 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) |
| Q4 (high) | 621 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | 228 | (0.90, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.24) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| Q0 (non-consumers) | 198 | 1.16 (0.98, 1.36) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.31) | 213 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) |
| Q1 (low) | 511 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 387 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 431 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) 0.026 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.30) 0.048 | 311 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.11) |
| Q3 | 521 | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 357 | 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) |
| Q4 (high) | 440 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 285 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) |
Basic models include dairy product categories (non-consumers and quartiles), sex, age and screening year. Full models were also adjusted for BMI, education, physical activity in leisure time, smoking, self-reported family history of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes, screening project, and quintiles of red meat, wholegrain, fruit and vegetables and energy.