Table 8.
The comparison of the front-of-package “gluten-free” (GF) product labeled attributes influencing the choice of GF bread in subgroups of celiac GF-diet and non-celiac GF-diet diet participants stratified by place of residence.
| Characteristics | Village or Town <20,000 Residents | City 20,000–100,000 Residents | City >100,000 Residents | p-Value * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celiac GF-diet | |||||
| Additional “gluten-free“ written information ** | Logotype with no written information | 37.5% | 31.2% | 34.0% | 0.9905 |
| Logotype with written information | 62.5% | 68.8% | 66.0% | ||
| Logotypes presenting additional features ** | No additional feature logotypes | 12.5% | 12.5% | 9.4% | 0.9199 |
| EU organic logotype a | 12.5% | 18.7% | 32.2% | 0.3531 | |
| “Dairy-free“ logotype b | 37.5% | 12.5% | 24.5% | 0.3703 | |
| Wheat starch-free logotype b | 12.5% | 12.5% | 7.5% | 0.7827 | |
| Quality logotype c | 25.0% | 18.7% | 22.6% | 0.8976 | |
| Vegan logotype c | 0.0% | 25.1% | 3.8% | 0.0145 | |
| Non-celiac GF-diet | |||||
| Additional “gluten-free“ written information ** | Logotype with no written information | 25.0% | 21.4% | 32.7% | 0.6767 |
| Logotype with written information | 75.0% | 78.6% | 67.3% | ||
| Logotypes presenting additional features ** | No additional feature logotypes | 12.5% | 14.3% | 9.1% | 0.8156 |
| EU organic logotype a | 50.0% | 7.1% | 18.2% | 0.0044 | |
| “Dairy-free“ logotype b | 0.0% | 14.3% | 27.3% | 0.1633 | |
| Wheat starch-free logotype b | 0.0% | 7.1% | 3.6% | 0.6949 | |
| Quality logotype c | 12.5% | 28.6% | 16.4% | 0.5189 | |
| Vegan logotype c | 25.0% | 28.6% | 25.4% | 0.9700 | |
GF—gluten-free; EU—European Union; a according to the Regulation of European Commission No 889/2008 [29]; b logotypes commonly applied for products available in Poland; c “dummy” logotypes not applied in Poland; * compared using chi-square test; ** single choice based on indicated product.