ALI	acute lung injury
AM	alveolar macrophages
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome
ATI cells	alveolar epithelial type I cells
ATII cells	alveolar epithelial type II cells
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
DPPC	dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
ICAM-1	intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1
IFN- β	interferon β
IFN- γ	interferon γ
IL	interleukin
IL-1R	interleukin-1 receptor
IPF	idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
LBP	LPS-binding protein
Mal	MyD88 adaptor-like protein
mCD14	membrane-bound CD14
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
MD2	myeloid differentiation protein 2
MIP-3α	macrophage inflammatory protein 3α
MyD88	myeloid differentiation factor 88
NF- κB	nuclear factor-κB
NO	nitric oxide
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PPRs	pattern-recognition receptors
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycation end products
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
ROS	reactive oxygen species
sCD14	Soluble CD14
SIRPα	Signal regulatory protein α
SP-A	surfactant protein A
SP-B	surfactant protein B
SP-C	surfactant protein C
SP-D	surfactant protein D
SPs	surfactant proteins
sRAGE	soluble isoform of receptor for advanced glycation end products
TGF-β	transforming growth factor β
TIR domains	Toll/IL-1R homology domains
TLRs	toll-like receptors
TNF- α	tumor necrosis factor α
TRAM	TRIF-related adaptor molecule
TRIF	TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1