Table 1.

Various single-cell manipulations.

Manipulations	Descriptions
Single-cell encapsulation [26,27,28,29,30]	Entrapping single cells in isolated microenvironments
Single-cell sorting [12,31,32,33]	Separating homogenous populations of cells from heterogeneous populations at the single-cell resolution
Single-cell trapping [34,35,36]	Immobilizing single cells from bulk cells on the designated positions.
Single-cell isolation [37,38]	Pick or isolate single cells from bulk populations
Single-cell rotation [39]	Rotating targeted single cells
Single-cell pairing [20,40]	Positioning two homo- or heterotypic cells in proximity or contact
Single-cell patterning [23]	Positioning single cells on a substrate with defined spatial selection
Single-cell stretching [41]	Using external forces to deform targeted single cells
Single-cell transportation [42]	Moving cells at the single-cell level
Single-cell lysis [43,44]	Breaking down the targeted single cells
Single-cell stimulation [19,45,46]	Applying external physical/chemical/biological cues to stimulate targeted single cells