Table 4.
Nutrition status in fasting state and nutritional intake on the previous day before each treatment.
| Before Cocoa Treatment (n = 12) |
Before Placebo Treatment (n = 12) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition status | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 97.4 ± 3.3 | 98.1 ± 3.0 | 0.169 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 33.5 ± 0.9 | 33.7 ± 0.9 | 0.174 |
| BMI classification 1 (n) | |||
| Overweight | 2 | 2 | – |
| Obesity | 10 | 10 | – |
| Fat mass (% body weight) | 36.3 ± 1.6 | 36.5 ± 1.6 | 0.571 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 112.1 ± 2.0 | 113.0 ± 2.0 | 0.089 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.555 |
| Nutritional intake | |||
| Energy (kcal) | 1479 ± 149 | 1675 ± 208 | 0.354 |
| Protein (g) 2 | 71.8 ± 9.6 | 80.5 ± 15.2 | 0.633 |
| Fat (g) | 79.5 ± 9.4 | 81.4 ± 11.7 | 0.865 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 100.6 ± 11.7 | 142.7 ± 17.2 | 0.058 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 12.2 ± 1.0 | 0.365 |
| Cholesterol (mg) 2 | 390.9 ± 87.5 | 406.2 ± 109.6 | 0.922 |
| Iron (mg) | 7.7 ± 1.0 | 8.6 ± 1.3 | 0.582 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 43.4 ± 10.5 | 44.1 ± 5.1 | 0.934 |
p-values according to t-test for paired samples. 1 According to the body mass index classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) (2004). 2 Logarithmized values were used for paired t-test. Data are means ± SEMs unless indicated otherwise. BMI, body mass index.