Figure 3.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) (A) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (B) levels (pg mL⁻¹) measured in Caco-2 cells pretreated for 6 h with raw Portulaca oleracea L. juice (Raw-PJ), chemically acidified PJ (CA-PJ), and PJs fermented (30 °C for 36 h) by Lactobacillus plantarum POM1, T1.3, and EnFIII3, Lactobacillus brevis POM4, Lactobacillus rossiae 2MR8, Pediococcus pentosaceus CILSWE5, Leuconostoc mesenteroides OP9, and Lactobacillus kunkeei B7, then stimulated and treated with the inflammatory stimulus (Interleukin-1β 25 ng mL⁻¹) for 24 h. Bars with different superscript letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).