Table 2.
Logistic regression analysis of the presence of chronic kidney disease.
| Variable | Unadjusted Model | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | 1.03 (1.03–1.03) | 1.03 (1.03–1.03) | 1.01 (1.011–1.02) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) |
| Gender (Male) | 1.39 (1.33–1.45) | 1.43 (1.36–1.49) | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) | 1.27 (1.19–1.35) |
| Diabetes | 2.53 (2.35–2.73) | 1.59 (1.42–1.78) | 1.52 (1.36–1.69) | |
| Hypertension | 2.19 (2.09–2.31) | 1.48 (1.37–1.60) | 1.40 (1.30–1.52) | |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.37 (1.21–1.56) | 1.01 (0.83–1.21) | ||
| Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg) |
1.15 (1.13–1.16) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | ||
| Low HDL | 1.60 (1.53–1.68) | 1.20 (1.12–1.28) | ||
| High TG | 1.34 (1.28–1.41) | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | ||
| Omnivores | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Vegan | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | 0.83 (0.76–0.91) | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | 0.86 (0.75–0.97) |
| Ovo-lacto vegetarian | 1.30 (1.23–1.37) | 1.31 (1.24–1.38) | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; TG, triglyceride. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of >90 cm in men; >80 cm in women. Chronic kidney disease was defined as an eGFR ≤60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or proteinuria. High TG was defined as triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. Low HDL was defined HDL <40 mg/dL in men; <50 mg/dL in women. a: adjusted for age and gender; b: adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension; c: age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, abdominal obesity, systolic BP, low HDL, and high TG.