Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study volunteers at water and hibiscus drink study visits.
| Characteristics | Water Consumption Visit | Hibiscus Consumption Visit | p-Values for Water vs. Hibiscus |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVD risk, age and anthropometric measures | |||
| Age (Years) | 49 ± 2.0 | 49 ± 2.0 | 1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 0.7 | 26.7 ± 0.8 | 0.227 |
| Blood pressure and vascular function measures | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 126± 3 | 129 ± 3 | 0.063 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74 ± 2 | 75 ± 2 | 0.225 |
| Pulse Pressure (mmHg) | 52 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 0.381 |
| Heart Rate (Pulse/minute) | 63 ± 3 | 65 ± 3 | 0.788 |
| FMD (%) | 3.67 ± 0.3 | 3.36 ± 0.2 | 0.838 |
| Augmentation Index | 3.45 ± 1.00 | 3.51 ± 0.9 | 0.371 |
| Biochemical data | |||
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.35 ± 0.2 | 5.37 ± 0.2 | 0.679 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.29 ± 0.1 | 1.32 ± 0.1 | 0.645 |
| TC:HDL-C | 4.30 ± 0.2 | 4.23 ± 0.2 | 0.881 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.28 ± 0.2 | 3.32 ± 0.2 | 0.67 |
| TAG (mmol/L) | 1.71 ± 0.3 | 1.62 ± 0.2 | 0.901 |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 454.9 ± 36.4 | 454.9 ± 38.7 | 0.819 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.51 ± 0.1 | 5.44 ± 0.1 | 0.843 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 51.90 ± 7.9 | 55.34 ± 9.8 | 0.449 |
| HOMA2 IR | 0.99 ± 0.2 | 1.05 ± 0.2 | 0.465 |
All values are mean ± SEM. CVD, cardiovascular disease, BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FMD, flow mediated dilatation; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TAG, triacylglycerol; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment; IR, insulin resistance.