. 2019 Feb 5;11(2):341. doi: 10.3390/nu11020341

Table 4.

Serum glucose, plasma insulin, serum TAG and plasma TAC postprandial response measures.

	Glucose			Insulin			TAG			TAC
	Hibiscus	Water	p Value	Hibiscus	Water	p Value	Hibiscus	Water	p Value	Hibiscus	Water	p Value
AUC ^{0–240 min}	1384 ± 47	1455 ± 56	0.058	49,242 ± 8666	50,017 ± 7661	0.424	547± 55	605 ± 71	0.188	343 ± 50	318 ± 40	0.105
IAUC ^{0–240 min}	80 ± 40	134 ± 51	0.090	35,962 ± 6588	37,561 ± 6554	0.465	157 ± 28	196 ± 26	0.128	79.0 ± 38	75.8 ± 25	0.478
T_max ^{0–240 min}	139 ± 14.5	135 ± 15	0.408	126 ± 13	123 ± 14	0.500	196 ± 6	196 ± 6	0.380	153 ± 14	175 ± 10	0.100
C_max ^{0–240 min}	7.5 ± 0.3	7.6 ± 0.3	0.052	387 ± 61	403 ± 49	0.482	3.3 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.4	0.246	2.2 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.4	0.460
AUC ^{0–120 min}	706 ± 23	722 ± 30	0.143	23,629 ± 3932	23,388 ± 3551	0.303	222 ± 23	324 ± 34	0.143	150 ± 17 *	130 ± 11	0.026
IAUC ^{0–120 min}	53.8 ± 19.3	61.8 ± 24.6	0.209	16,988 ± 2935	17,160 ± 3100	0.383	27.5 ± 6.8	46.1 ± 19.5	0.209	18.4 ± 10.9	9.4 ± 5.3	0.209
T_max^{0–120 min}	68.4 ± 5.3	53.2 ± 5.2	0.059	64.4 ± 4.3	65.5 ± 5.1	0.191	110 ± 5	196 ± 6	0.060	96.3 ± 7.4 *	75.0 ± 8.1	0.007
C_max^{0–120 min}	6.9 ± 0.3	7.1 ± 0.3	0.201	339 ± 60	338 ± 49	0.344	2.4 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 0.3	0.201	1.7 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.1	0.056
AUC ^{121–240 min}	678 ± 37	733± 31	0.065	25,614 ± 4838	26,629 ± 4288	0.472	239 ± 29	365 ± 43	0.065	192 ± 33	187 ± 30	0.340
IAUC ^{121–240 min}	95 ± 36	109 ± 33	0.272	10,457 ± 2477	10,782 ± 2141	0.449	34.7 ± 7.9	76.3 ± 16.2	0.272	21.5 ± 16.7	50.9 ± 15.6	0.067
T_max^{121–240 min}	189 ± 7	188± 6	0.398	185 ± 5	177 ± 4	0.072	108 ± 6	196 ± 6	0.398	176 ± 8	187 ± 8	0.140
C_max^{121–240 min}	7.2 ± 0.3 *	7.5 ± 0.3	0.040	365 ± 61	347 ± 46	0.218	2.5 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.4	0.040	2.1 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.4	0.440

Values are mean ± SEM of 22 volunteers. Superscript * means significant difference when compared to water. Area under curve (AUC); incremental area under curve (IAUC); time to reach total maximum concentration (T_max); maximum concentration (C_max); triacylglycerol (TAG); total antioxidant capacity (TAC). AUC, IAUC, AUC and IAUC for glucose, insulin, TAG and TAC are expressed as mmol/L·minutes, pmol/L·minutes, mmol/L·minutes and mmol/L. Trolox Eq·minutes respectively. T_max is in minutes, C_max is in mmol/L for glucose and TAG; mmol/L Trolox Eq for TAC and as pmol/L for insulin.