Table 1.
Association of subjective or objective sleep duration and quality with carotid IMT and baPWV in patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.
| Surrogate Marker of Atherosclerosis | Sleep Parameter | Study Design | Subjects | Sleep Measurement | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) | Duration | Cross-sectional | Elderly (n = 86) | PSQI Actigraphy |
Shorter sleep duration (<5 h) increased IMT as compared to longer duration (>7 h) | Nakazaki et al. [19] |
| Quality | Cross-sectional | Elderly (n = 86) Elderly (n = 201) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 63) Cardiovascular risk factors (n = 330) |
Self-reported questionnaire Single-channel EEG Actigraphy |
Insomnia associated with IMT as compared with non-insomnia | Nakazaki et al. [19] Nagai et al. [20] Yoda et al. [21] Kadoya et al. [11] |
|
| Apnea-hypopnea | Cross-sectional | Cardiovascular risk factors (n = 330) | Apnomonitor | OSA associated with IMT and plaque score | Kadoya et al. [11] | |
| Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) | Quality | Cross-sectional | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 724) | PSQI | Poor sleep quality associated with higher PWV | Osonoi et al. [22] |
| Prospective | Cardiovascular risk factors (n = 306) | Actigraphy | Low sleep quality associated with progression of PWV over 3-year period | Kadoya et al. [18] | ||
| Apnea-hypopnea | Cross-sectional | Ischemic stroke (n = 127) | Polysomnography | OSA associated with PWV | Chen et al. [10] |
PSQI: Pittsburg sleep quality index, EEG: electro-encephalography: OSA: obstructive sleep apnea.