Table 6.
Food literacy and dietary behaviour variables and its association with food insecurity.
| Food Literacy and Dietary Behaviours | Univariate | Multivariable—Model 2 (Demographics and Food Literacy Behaviours) |
|---|---|---|
| Plan meals ahead of time | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.45 (1.16–1.86) p = 0.0088 | |
| Make a list before you go shopping | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.43 (1.15–1.77) p = 0.0.0014 | |
| Plan meals to include all food groups | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) p = 0.0016 | |
| Think about healthy choices when deciding what to eat | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.70 (1.36–2.12) p < 0.0001 | |
| Feel confident about managing money to buy healthy food | ||
| High frequency | 1 | 1 |
| Low frequency | 3.70 (2.94–4.65) p < 0.0001 | 3.62 (2.66–4.92) p < 0.0001 |
| Compare prices of foods to find the best prices on heathy foods | ||
| High frequency | 1 | 1 |
| Low frequency | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) p = 0.6859 | 0.68 (0.50–0.92) p = 0.01 |
| Use nutrition information panel to make food choices | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.38 (1.05–1.81) p = 0.0.0197 | |
| Use other parts of food label to make food choices | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.40 (1.05–1.81) p = 0.0132 | |
| Cook meals at home using healthy ingredients | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 2.28 (1.80–2.88) p < 0.0001 | |
| Feel confident about cooking a variety of healthy meals | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.77 (1.43–2.21) p < 0.0001 | |
| Try a new recipe | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.28 (1.02–1.60) p = 0.034 | |
| Change recipes to make them healthier | ||
| High frequency | 1 | |
| Low frequency | 1.42 (1.19–1.80) p = 0.0.0039 | |
| How many times a week on average do you eat fast food meals, such as burgers, pizza, chicken or chips from fast food outlets? | ||
| Never | 1 | |
| Less than once a week | 1.37 (1.03–1.84) p = 0.0327 | |
| Once or twice a week | 1.83 (1.34–2.51) p < 0.0001 | |
| Three to four times a week | 4.91 (2.61–9.23) p < 0.0001 | |
| Five or more times a week | 2.81 (1.02–7.73) p = 0.0458 | |
| How many times a week on average do you drink regular soft drink (not diet), energy drinks, sports drinks, flavoured mineral water or vitamin water? | ||
| Never | 1 | 1 |
| Less than once a week | 1.54 (1.15–2.08) p = 0.004 | 1.14 (0.80–1.64) p = 0.4744 |
| Once or twice a week | 2.15 (1.53–3.02) p < 0.0001 | 1.21 (0.79–1.85) p = 0.3875 |
| Three to four times a week | 4.51 (2.88–7.07) p < 0.0001 | 3.62 (2.66–6.43) p < 0.0001 |
| Five or more times a week | 4.05 (2.44–6.7) p < 0.0001 | 2.31 (1.27–4.21) p = 0.0063 |
| Self-reported fruit intake | ||
| 2 or more serves of fruit | 1 | |
| Less than 2 serves of fruit | 1.31 (1.04–1.65) p = 0.0240 | |
| Responsibility for choosing and preparing the household meals | ||
| All | 1 | 1 |
| Some | 1.035 (0.677–1.58) p = 0.874 | 5.80 (2.74–12.3) p < 0.0001 |
| None | 0.997 (0.642–1.546) p = 0.998 | 6.46 (3.02–13.83) p < 0.0001 |
| Self-described cooking skills | ||
| Can cook almost anything | 1 | 1 |
| Can cook a wide variety of meals | 1.20 (0.91–1.58) p = 0.2047 | 1.23 (0.86–1.76) p = 0.2506 |
| Can cool a basic meat and 3 vegetables | 1.39 (1.01–1.9) p = 0.0408 | 0.96 (0.63–1.47) p = 0.8477 |
| Can do basic heating of food, use barbeque, boil egg | 1.85 (1.11–3.07) p = 0.0175 | 1.46 (0.71–3.01) p = 0.3025 |
| Can’t cook/Don’t cook | 3.27 (1.6–6.69) p = 0.0011 | 6.38 (1.99–20.43) p = 0.0018 |