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A model for CTHRC1 modulating HSC behaviors through TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways.
CTHRC1 induces activation of TGF-β downstream signaling molecules: Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4, which mediates the activation, migration and contractility of HSCs. In addition, CTHRC1 competitively binds to Wnt noncononical receptor and induces the phosphorylation of JNK, which mediates the contractility but not activation of HSCs.
