| SPA | saponin-enriched extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis |
| Lop | loperamide |
| AChE | acetylcholine esterase |
| MLC | myosin light chain |
| AEtLP | aqueous extract of L. platyphylla |
| RLP | Red L. platyphylla |
| GEGR | gallotanin-enriched galla rhois |
| CLP | cecal ligation and puncture |
| DSS | dextran sulfate sodium |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography |
| DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| KFDA | Korea Food and Drug Administration |
| AAALAC | Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care |
| SD | Sprague Dawley |
| SPF | specific pathogen-free |
| RT-PCR | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| NGF | nerve growth factor |
| MP | methyl protodioscin |
| TPA | 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| BAW | butanol extract of A. cochinchinensis roots fermented with Weissella cibaria |
| OVA | ovalbumin |
| FMT | fecal microbiota transplantation |