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. 2019 Feb 23;11(2):472. doi: 10.3390/nu11020472

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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VAS scores for stomach pain (A), bloating (B), and nausea (C) (mean + SEM) before, during, and after the infusion of placebo both intraduodenal and intraileal (DPIP), tastants intraduodenal and placebo intraileal (DTIP), placebo intraduodenal and tastants intraileal (DPIT), and tastants both intraduodenal and intraileal (DTIT). t = −30, 30, 90, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, and 240 min. No VAS scores were taken at t = 225 min. At t = 0 min, subjects received a standardized breakfast, infusion of mixtures was performed from t = 150 until t = 210 min, and ad libitum test meal was presented at t = 225 min. Based on a linear mixed model of mean scores and area under the curve (AUC_150–210), no differences in stomach pain, bloating, and nausea were observed between the various conditions.

VAS scores for stomach pain (A), bloating (B), and nausea (C) (mean + SEM) before, during, and after the infusion of placebo both intraduodenal and intraileal (DPIP), tastants intraduodenal and placebo intraileal (DTIP), placebo intraduodenal and tastants intraileal (DPIT), and tastants both intraduodenal and intraileal (DTIT). t = −30, 30, 90, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, and 240 min. No VAS scores were taken at t = 225 min. At t = 0 min, subjects received a standardized breakfast, infusion of mixtures was performed from t = 150 until t = 210 min, and ad libitum test meal was presented at t = 225 min. Based on a linear mixed model of mean scores and area under the curve (AUC_150–210), no differences in stomach pain, bloating, and nausea were observed between the various conditions.