| qRT-PCR | Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| SA | Salicylic acid |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| PTI | PAMP-triggered immunity |
| ETI | Effector-triggered immunity |
| NPR1 | NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 GENES |
| DSBs | DNA double strand breaks |
| SAR | systemic acquired resistance |
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