Table 1.
Mucosal proteins contributing to IPA pathways and networks.
| Pathway | Symbol | Gene Name | Low Fat | Milk Fat | Olive Oil | Corn Oil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High fat | ||||||
| Death Receptor | ACIN1 | apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 | 0.4 | −0.2 | 0 | −0.3 |
| signaling | CYCS | cytochrome c, somatic | 0.7 | 0.3 | −0.2 | −0.2 |
| HSPB1 | heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 | −0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | −0.2 | |
| LMNA | lamin A/C | 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.1 | −0.4 | |
| SPTAN1 | spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| Apoptosis | ACIN1 | apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 | 0.4 | −0.2 | 0 | −0.3 |
| CAPN1 | calpain 1 | 0.8 | 0 | −0.1 | −0.1 | |
| CYCS | cytochrome c, somatic | 0.7 | 0.3 | −0.2 | −0.2 | |
| LMNA | lamin A/C | 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.1 | −0.4 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| SPTAN1 | spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| IL1RN | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein | −1 | 0.4 | -0.1 | 0.7 | |
| tRNA charging | EPRS | glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.8 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0 |
| FARSB | phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit | 0.7 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| KARS | lysyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.8 | −0.2 | −0.3 | −0.2 | |
| NARS | asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.9 | −0.3 | −0.5 | −0.4 | |
| RARS | arginyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.7 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0 | |
| TARS | threonyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.8 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| VARS | valyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.4 | 0 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| YARS | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase | 0.5 | −0.4 | −0.3 | −0.2 | |
| PPARa/RXRa | ACOX1 | acyl-CoA oxidase 1 | 0.5 | 0 | −0.3 | −0.4 |
| Activation | APOA1 | apolipoprotein A1 | −0.7 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 0.5 |
| CYP2C18 | cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 18 | 0.3 | −0.4 | 0.4 | −1.7 | |
| FASN | fatty acid synthase | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | |
| GPD1 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 | 1.3 | −0.6 | −0.4 | −0.3 | |
| HSP90B1 | heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 | 0.2 | −0.4 | −0.3 | −0.1 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| PDIA3 | protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 | −0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | |
| Corn oil | ||||||
| Glycolysis I | ALDOB | aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B | 1.4 | −0.5 | −0.6 | −0.5 |
| ENO1 | enolase 1 | −0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| FBP2 | fructose-bisphosphatase 2 | 0.2 | −0.2 | −0.2 | 0.1 | |
| TPI1 | triosephosphate isomerase 1 | −0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | |
| Oxidative | ATP5F1B | ATP synthase F1 subunit beta | −0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.5 |
| phosphorylation | ATP5PB | ATP synthase peripheral stalk-membrane subunit b | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.3 |
| ATP5PO | ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP | −0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
| COX5A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A | −0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | |
| CYCS | cytochrome c, somatic | 0.7 | 0.3 | −0.2 | −0.2 | |
| NDUFA9 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | −0.1 | |
| NDUFS1 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 | −0.4 | −0.2 | 0 | 0.4 | |
| NDUFS2 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | −0.1 | |
| NDUFS3 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 | −0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| NDUFV2 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2 | −0.3 | −0.1 | −0.1 | 0.3 | |
| UQCRB | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein | 0.2 | −0.3 | −0.3 | 0 | |
| UQCRC2 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 | 0.3 | −0.1 | −0.1 | 0.1 | |
| NRF2-mediated | CBR1 | carbonyl reductase 1 | −0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| oxidative stress | CCT7 | chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 7 | 0.5 | −0.2 | −0.2 | −0.3 |
| response | DNAJB11 | DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B11 | 0.7 | −0.2 | −0.4 | −0.5 |
| FTH1 | ferritin heavy chain 1 | −0.4 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | |
| FTL | ferritin light chain | −0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
| GSR | glutathione-disulfide reductase | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0.1 | |
| GSTM3 | glutathione S-transferase mu 3 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1 | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0.2 | |
| USP14 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 | 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| CA3 | Carbonic anhydrase 3 | 0 | −0.1 | 0 | 0.7 | |
| ALDH2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase | −0.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.6 | |
| Glutathione-mediated | ANPEP | alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane | 1.8 | −1.1 | −0.8 | −0.8 |
| detoxification | GGH | gamma-glutamyl hydrolase | 0.6 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 0.6 |
| Gsta4 | glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | −0.5 | |
| GSTM3 | glutathione S-transferase mu 3 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |
| GSTZ1 | glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 | −0.3 | −0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |
| ILK signaling | ACTN1 | actinin alpha 1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.3 |
| ACTN4 | actinin alpha 4 | 0.6 | −0.3 | −0.3 | −0.2 | |
| DSP | desmoplakin | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0 | −0.3 | |
| FLNA | filamin A | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | −0.4 | |
| FLNC | filamin C | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.6 | |
| FN1 | fibronectin 1 | 0.7 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.8 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| MYH9 | myosin heavy chain 9 | 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.2 | −0.2 | |
| MYH11 | myosin heavy chain 11 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | −0.6 | |
| MYH14 | myosin heavy chain 14 | 0.5 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| MYL9 | myosin light chain 9 | −0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | −0.2 | |
| PPP2R1A | protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Alpha | −0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | |
| VCL | vinculin | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.4 | |
| Epithelial integrity | Muc2 | mucin-2 | 0.2 | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.6 |
| Cing | cingulin | 0.6 | −0.3 | −0.2 | −0.3 | |
| VEGF signaling | ACTN1 | actinin alpha 1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.3 |
| ACTN4 | actinin alpha 4 | 0.6 | −0.3 | −0.3 | −0.2 | |
| EIF2S3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit γ | 0.4 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| ELAVL1 | ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 | 0.7 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.1 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| VCL | vinculin | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.4 | |
| Bleeding network | APOE | apolipoprotein E | −0.7 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 0.5 |
| CNN1 | cluster of calponin-1 | −0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | −0.2 | |
| FLNA | filamin-a | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | −0.4 | |
| MYH9 | cluster of myosin-9 | 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.2 | −0.2 | |
| PLEC | cluster of plectin | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0 | −0.5 | |
| IL1RN | interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein | −1 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0.7 | |
| Contractility of muscle network | ATP2A2 | sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase | 0.5 | −0.2 | −0.1 | −0.4 |
| CKM | cluster of creatine kinase M-type | −0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | −0.3 | |
| DES | cluster of desmin | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | −0.5 | |
| MYH11 | cluster of myosin-11 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | −0.6 | |
| MYH14 | myosin-14 | 0.5 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| VCL | vinculin | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.4 | |
| Milk fat | ||||||
| Acute Phase Response | APOA1 | apolipoprotein A1 | −0.7 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 0.5 |
| C3 | complement C3 | 0.4 | −0.1 | −0.8 | −0.7 | |
| FN1 | fibronectin 1 | 0.7 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.8 | |
| FTL | ferritin light chain | −0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
| HP | haptoglobin | 0.8 | 0.2 | −1.6 | −1.3 | |
| IL1RN | interleukin 1 receptor antagonist | −1 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0.7 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| SERPINA3 | serpin family A member 3 | −0.6 | 0.6 | −1.4 | −1.1 | |
| AAG1 | alpha-1 acid glycoprotein 1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | -0.8 | -0.6 | |
| Sirtuin signaling | ADAM10 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 | 0.4 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0 |
| APEX1 | apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 | 0.7 | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.3 | |
| ATP5F1B | ATP synthase F1 subunit beta | −0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.5 | |
| ATP5PB | ATP synthase peripheral stalk-membrane subunit b | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.3 | |
| CPS1 | carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 | 2.3 | −2 | −1.3 | −1.9 | |
| H1F0 | H1 histone family member 0 | −0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | −0.6 | |
| Hist1h1e | histone cluster 1, H1e | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | −0.6 | |
| HMGCS2 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 | −0.4 | 0 | −0.2 | −1.5 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| NAMPT | nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.3 | |
| NDUFA9 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | −0.1 | |
| NDUFS1 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 | −0.4 | −0.2 | 0 | 0.4 | |
| NDUFS2 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | −0.1 | |
| NDUFS3 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 | −0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| NDUFV2 | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2 | −0.3 | −0.1 | −0.1 | 0.3 | |
| PDHA1 | pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha 1 subunit | −0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | |
| SF3A1 | splicing factor 3a subunit 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.1 | −0.1 | |
| SLC25A5 | solute carrier family 25 member 5 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | −0.2 | |
| SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1 | 0.6 | −0.1 | −0.2 | 0.2 | |
| TIMM13 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 | −0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | |
| UQCRC2 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 | 0.3 | −0.1 | −0.1 | 0.1 | |
| VDAC1 | voltage dependent anion channel 1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | −0.1 | 0.2 | |
| Fatty acid B oxidation | ACAA2 | acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 | −0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 |
| HADHA | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha | −0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| HADHB | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta | −0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| IVD | isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase | −0.6 | −0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | |
| Olive oil | ||||||
| Actin cytoskeleton | ACTN1 | actinin alpha 1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.3 |
| signaling | ACTN4 | actinin alpha 4 | 0.6 | −0.3 | −0.3 | −0.2 |
| ARPC5 | actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 | −0.4 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.4 | |
| FLNA | filamin A | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | −0.4 | |
| FN1 | fibronectin 1 | 0.7 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.8 | |
| IQGAP2 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 | 0.7 | 0 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 0.2 | 0 | −0.2 | −0.1 | |
| MYH9 | myosin heavy chain 9 | 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.2 | −0.2 | |
| MYH11 | myosin heavy chain 11 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | −0.6 | |
| MYH14 | myosin heavy chain 14 | 0.5 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | |
| MYL9 | myosin light chain 9 | −0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | −0.2 | |
| VCL | vinculin | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0.1 | −0.4 | |
| Col6a3 | cluster of protein Col6a3 | −0.1 | -0.6 | 1.1 | −1.1 | |
| Tumorigenesis of | ACOX1 | acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 | 0.5 | 0 | −0.3 | −0.4 |
| tissue network | APOA1 | apolipoprotein a-1 | −0.7 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 0.5 |
| ATP2A2 | sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2 | 0.5 | −0.2 | −0.1 | −0.4 | |
| C3 | complement C3 | 0.4 | −0.1 | −0.8 | −0.7 | |
| HP | hippocalcin-like protein 1 | 0.8 | −0.2 | −0.2 | 0.2 | |
| IL1RN | interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein | −1 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0.7 | |
| MTTP | microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit | 2.4 | −2 | −1.7 | −2.1 | |
| PC | pyruvate carboxylase | −0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Displayed are the experimental log ratios. Compared to the pooled reference channel (value normalized to zero), positive values indicate an increased fold-change expression whereas negative values indicate a decreased fold-change expression Italicized proteins were not included in IPA pathway. NA indicates the protein did not reach the 0.006 threshold. All groups are compared to the pool which was set to zero. Abbreviations used: OSCP, oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.