AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Akt	protein kinase B
ARTC	ADP-ribosyltransferases
ARTD	diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases
CNS	central nervous system
FOXO3a	forkhead transcription factor
HD	Huntington’s disease
HDL	high density lipoprotein
hOAT-10	human organic anion transporter-10
Htt	huntingtin
IDO	indolamine-pyrrole 2-3 dioxygenase
KP	kynurenine pathway
LDL	low density lipoprotein
MDD	major depressive disorder
MPP+	N-methy-l-4-phenylpyridinium
NAD(P)	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)
NAMPT	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
NE	niacin equivalents
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NNMT	N-methyltransferase
PARP	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PD	Parkinson’s disease
polyQ	polyglutamine repeat
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SAM	S-adenosyl-methionine
SIRT	sirtuin
SMCT1/SLC5A8	sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TDO	tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase
Trp	tryptophan
VLDL	very low density lipoprotein