Table 1.
Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics according to region.
| Variables | Inland, N (%) | Coast, N (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years old) | 30.4 ± 5.2 | 29.9 ± 5.1 | 0.053 |
| Age groups (years old) | 0.999 | ||
| 15–24.9 | 194 (14.7) | 194 (14.7) | |
| 25–34.9 | 869 (65.8) | 869 (65.8) | |
| ≥35 | 258 (19.5) | 258 (19.5) | |
| Gestational age | 21.2 ± 8.4 | 21.2 ± 8.7 | 0.947 |
| Trimester | 0.999 | ||
| T1 (0–12 weeks) | 250 (18.9) | 250 (18.9) | |
| T2 (13–27 weeks) | 692 (52.4) | 692 (52.4) | |
| T3 (≥28 weeks) | 379 (28.7) | 379 (28.7) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.096 | ||
| Han | 1265 (95.8) | 1281 (97.0) | |
| Others | 56 (4.2) | 40 (3.0) | |
| Area of residency | <0.001 | ||
| Urban | 461 (34.9) | 876 (66.3) | |
| Rural | 860 (65.1) | 445 (33.7) | |
| Occupation | <0.001 | ||
| Management and professional | 305 (23.1) | 549 (41.6) | |
| Business, service, farming, and fishing | 174 (13.2) | 168 (12.7) | |
| Homemaker | 842 (63.7) | 603 (45.7) | |
| Highest education level | <0.001 | ||
| Primary school and below (≤6 years) | 79 (6.0) | 72 (5.5) | |
| Middle school (7–9 years) | 511 (38.7) | 391 (29.6) | |
| High school (10–12 years) | 361 (27.3) | 306 (23.2) | |
| College and above (≥13 years) | 370 (28.0) | 552 (41.8) | |
| Income (USD) | <0.001 | ||
| <5000 | 322 (24.4) | 215 (16.3) | |
| 5000–9999 | 612 (46.3) | 497 (37.6) | |
| 10,000–14,999 | 299 (22.6) | 372 (28.2) | |
| ≥15,000 | 88 (6.7) | 237 (17.9) | |
| Smoking cigarette status | 0.095 | ||
| Yes | 7 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | |
| No | 1314 (99.5) | 1319 (99.8) | |
| Total | 1321 (100) | 1321 (100) |