Table 3.
Characteristics of Included Studies.
| Author (year) | Study Design | Country | Population | Neurological Complication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Briani and Doria et al. (2008) [19] | Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional | Italy | Patients with CD | Neuropathy |
| Briani and Zara et al. (2008) [20] | Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional | Italy | Unselected, consecutive patients with CD treated at the University of Padova | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Burk et al. (2013) [21] | Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional | Germany | Patients with CD on a GFD recruited from advertisements in the official journal of the German Celiac Society or personal contact | Ataxia |
| Cakir et al. (2007)[22] | Prospective, multi-center, cross-sectional | Turkey | Children with CD treated at the outpatient follow-up program of celiac patients in the pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition division of Ege University Hospital from 1998–2002 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Diaconu et al. (2013) [23] | Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional | Romania | Children (2–18 years) diagnosed with CD from 2000–2010 | Ataxia |
| Hadjivassiliou et al. (2016) [10] | Retrospective, single-center, cohort | UK | Patients with CD and neurological manifestations presenting to the Neuroscience Department at Royal Hallamshire Hospital from 1994–2014 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Hadjivassiliou et al. (2017) [31] | Prospective, single-center, observational case series | UK | Patients diagnosed with gluten ataxia at the Sheffield Ataxia Centre | Ataxia |
| Isikay et al. (2015) [24] | Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional, case-control | Turkey | Asymptomatic children with CD diagnosed at a pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic from September 2012–August 2014 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Jericho et al. (2017) [25] | Retrospective, single-center, chart review | US | Patients with CD registered at the University of Chicago Celiac Center clinic from January 2002–October 2014 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Ludvigsson et al. (2007) [26] | Retrospective, multi-center, database | Sweden | Patients in the Swedish national inpatient register with a hospital-based discharge diagnosis of CD from 1964–2003 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Mukherjee et al. (2010) [27] | Retrospective, single-center, database | US | Patients with CD from a prospectively generated database at a university-based referral center | Neuropathy |
| Ruggieri et al. (2008) [28] | Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional | Italy | Children with CD and neurological dysfunction evaluated at the gluten sensitivity clinic at the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Catania from January 1991–December 2004 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Sangal et al. (2017) [32] | Retrospective, single-center, medical record review | Not reported | Children with and without gluten-related disorders between July 2013 and May 2016 | Ataxia, neuropathy |
| Shen et al. (2012) [29] | Questionnaire-based, multi-center, cross-sectional, case-control | US | Patients with CD recruited from the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University and support groups in New York and California | Neuropathy |
| Thawani et al. (2015) [30] | Retrospective, multi-center | Sweden | Patients with CD from one of Sweden’s pathology departments from June 1969–February 2008 | Neuropathy |
| Thawani et al. (2017) [33] | Retrospective, nationwide registry | Sweden | Patients diagnosed with T1DM between 1964 and 2009, with and without CD (based on biopsies between 1969 and 2008) in the Swedish National Patient Register | Neuropathy |
Abbreviations: CD, celiac disease; GFD, gluten-free diet; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; US, United States; UK, United Kingdom.