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. 2019 Jan 22;11(2):214. doi: 10.3390/nu11020214

Figure 2.

Figure 2

PYC extract contains non-detectable amounts of LPS and does not influence the viability of Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK)-Blue 293 and Human Acute Monocytic Leukaemia (THP-1) cell lines. (A) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration in Pycnogenol® (PYC) extract without and after spiking with 5 EU/mL of LPS detected with EndoZyme recombinant factor C assay (n = 4 as technical replicates). Spiking recovery between 50% and 200% excludes interference of sample components with the assay. (B) Viability of HEK-293 cells expressed as fold change of absorbance (490 nm) compared to unstimulated cells cultured in medium as control (n = 4 as technical replicates). (C) THP-1 macrophages cultured for 24 h in the presence of PYC. Results are expressed as fold change of absorbance (490 nm) comparedto unstimulated cells cultured in medium as control (n = 4 as technical replicates). Ethanol was used as the positive control that affects cell viability. All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). p-values < 0.05 are considered statistically significant, as analyzed with one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparison test (GraphPad Prism). Significant differences are indicated by asterisks: * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.