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Unidirectional transport of a block in a microchannel. Time series micrographs showing the actuation results of a block in (a) the whole chamber and (b) the central region. A 500 μm width block was put in a 710 μm width channel. (c) Travel distances of the actuated blocks by V. carteri. The data were labeled as #1–4 based on the travel length order. #1–3 and #4 were taken with a 500 μm and 750 μm width blocks in a 710 μm and 970 μm width channel, respectively.
