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. 2019 Feb 16;20(4):862. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040862

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Circadian expression patterns of core clock and clock-controlled genes. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were synchronized in a serum-rich medium for 2 h and harvested every 4 h after replenishing with a basal medium. Gene expression patterns of core clock genes, BMAL1 (A) and PER1 (B), showed periodic oscillation, but were in antiphase to each other. Expressions of AQP3, (C), and TIMP3, (D), were oscillating periodically, similar to that of PER1 but was antiphase to that of BMAL1. Y-axis represents mRNA abundance after being normalized to RPL13a; ZT indicates Zeitgeber Time (h).