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. 2019 Feb 13;20(4):799. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040799

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Schematic representation of Cas9/gRNA genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of sgRNA and Cas9 nuclease. The sgRNA directs the sequence-specific Cas9 nuclease to start double-strand DNA breaks in the target DNA. The cell’s DNA repair machinery, comprising HR and NHEJ pathways, repairs the strand breaks, creating a short deletion/insertion (gene knockout), new sequence insertion and/or sequence modification. sgRNA, single guide RNA; HR, homologous recombination; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining (adopted and modified from [236]).