Figure 3.

Other emerging point-of-care (POC) devices for food safety analysis. (A) A thread-based colorimetric device was developed for sensitive detection of Salmonella enterica in food samples such as milk, orange juice and lettuce. Adapted with permission from [86] © Elsevier (2018). (B) A disc-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed for multiplexed fluorescent detection of foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholera, in chicken meat. Adapted with permission from [94] © Elsevier (2018). (C) A gold (Au) electrode coated with antibody immobilized graphene-wrapped copper oxide-cysteine hierarchical structure was introduced for sensitive electrochemical detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food samples such as water, fruit juice and milk. Adapted with permission from [97] © Elsevier (2017). (D) A nanomaterial-based chemiluminescent device was developed for sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium in milk. Adapted with permission from [99] © Elsevier (2017). rGO: reduced graphene oxide; CuO: copper oxide; Zn-MNCs: Zinc-doped magnetic nanoclusters; Fe₃O₄ NP: Iron oxide nanoparticle; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; O₂: oxygen.