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. 2019 Feb 1;11(2):310. doi: 10.3390/nu11020310

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Tracer distribution in the murine jejunum 3 h after oral infusion. Tracers in the luminal flush and in the intestinal segment are shown in percent of the total. Data were obtained from the studies conducted in Reference [54] and were reanalyzed. Assay replication: cholesterol, n = 10; sitosterol, n = 6, sitostanol, n = 11. (B) Percentages of effluxed tracers from the mucosa for 1 h during cannulated jejunal perfusion. Assay replication: cholesterol, n = 10; sitosterol, n = 6; sitostanol, n = 6. Similar tendency was also reported in mice by an independent research group [94]. (C) The diagram shows cholesterol or PS fluxes at the BBM. The lengths of the arrows indicate the supposed flux velocity. Dashed boxes indicate where PS-shuttling takes place. Data are shown as mean and standard deviation. *Absorption efficiency in humans was obtained from [95] for cholesterol and [96] for PSs.