Table 1.

Testicular immune factors in normal and cancer-treated mice.

	Immunosuppressive Factors in Normal Testis	Local Function	Testicular Immunology Consequences after Busulfan-Treatment	Testicular Immunology Consequences after Irradiation-Treatment	Testicular Immunology Consequences in Autoimmune Orchitis
Germ cells	transforming growth factor β	Leydig cell steroidogenesis ↓
	Fas ligand	apoptosis of Fas-bearing lymphocyte	↑ or (-)
	interferon-γ	Leydig cell steroidogenesis ↓
	tumor necrosis factor α	Leydig cell steroidogenesis ↓ or ↑
				Fas ↑ caspase3-8 ↑	Fas ↑	caspase 3–8 ↑
			Fas ↑	apoptosis through oxidative stress	Bax ↑	caspase 9 ↑
			p53-ROS ↑ caspase3 ↑	DNA damage
Sertoli cells	activin	mitogenesis of lymphocytes ↓
	inhibin	mitogenesis of lymphocytes ↑
	interleukin-6	meiotic DNA synthesis of germ cell		↑ ?	↑
	Fas ligand	apoptosis of Fas-bearing lymphocyte
	transforming growth factor β	inhibin secretion ↑
			TNFα↑ MCP-1 ↑ TLR2,4 ↑	ZO-1, occludin, claudin-11 ↓	occludin, claudin-11 ↓
			Sat2 ↑
Leydig cells	testosterone		↓	↓	↓
	protein S	Leydig cell steroidogenesis ↓
	insulin-like growth factor-1	testosterone secretion ↑
	Fas ligand	apoptosis of Fas-bearing germ cell
	interleukin-10	immune privilege
	transforming growth factor β	contractility of myoid cell
			Leydig cell apoptosis
Testicular	interleukin-10	inhibition of T cell-mediated immune response response
macrophages	interferon-γ	Fas ligand expression by Sertoli cell ↑			↑
	interleukin-6	radioprotection of germ cell by Sertoli cell		↑ ?	↑
	tumor necrosis factor α	Fas ligand expression by Sertoli cell ↓ or ↑	↑		↑
			macrophage infiltration (+)	macrophage infiltration (-)	macrophage infiltration (+)
Others			ASA?	ASA (+)	T cells·B cells infiltration (+)
					ASA (+)

↑ indicated increase and ↓ indicated decrease; ? indicated different opinion.