| ATM | Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated |
| Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma- 2 |
| Bak | Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer |
| Bax | BCL2-associated X protein |
| CD1d | Cluster of differentiation 1 |
| CD44 | Cluster of differentiation 44 |
| DR | Death receptor |
| Gli 1 | Glioma-associated oncogene 1 |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
| IL-8 | Interleukin 8 |
| IL-1β | Interleukin 1 beta |
| JAK2 | Janus kinase 2 |
| MMP-3 | matrix metalloproteinase-3 |
| MMP-9 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells |
| OSCC | Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| ROCK | Rho-associated protein kinase |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| STAT-3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor beta 1 |
| TNFα | Tumour necrosis factor alpha |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |