Table 1.
Blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in older adults at baseline and 12 weeks after supplementation with tart cherry juice or control drink.
| a Difference between Two Groups | ap-Value (ANOVA) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Control (n = 17) | Tart Cherry (n = 17) | Difference | 95% CI | p | Group | Time | Interaction |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 1.58 ± 1.53 | 1.13 ± 1.28 | −0.20 | −0.49, 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.1956 | 0.6762 | 0.4430 |
| 12 weeks | 1.49 ± 1.18 | 1.30 ± 0.34 | ||||||
| CRP, mg/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 1.52 ± 0.81 | 3.11 ± 3.20 | 0.44 | 0.06, 0.82 | 0.03 | 0.0338 | 0.9176 | 0.1968 |
| 12 weeks | 1.89 ± 0.52 | 2.34 ± 1.13 | ||||||
| 4HNE, ng/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 13.33 ± 1.81 | 14.34 ± 4.46 | 1.14 | −0.30, 2.59 | 0.12 | 0.1188 | 0.8927 | 0.9247 |
| 12 weeks | 13.36 ± 1.35 | 14.50 ± 2.46 | ||||||
| MDA, pmole/L | ||||||||
| * Baseline | 2.89 ± 0.57 | 3.30 ± 0.58 | 0.30 | 0.09, 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.0025 | 0.7781 | 0.6463 |
| 12 weeks | 2.91 ± 0.36 | 3.21 ± 0.22 | ||||||
| OGG1, ng/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 321.5 ± 125.5 | 298.7 ± 96.4 | 31.2 | 18.3, 44.1 | <0.0001 | 0.8316 | 0.5795 | 0.1764 |
| 12 weeks | 283.5 ± 23.0 | 314.7 ± 11.0 | ||||||
| 8-OHdG, ng/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 14.97 ± 4.08 | 15.41 ± 5.95 | 0.19 | −1.64, 2.01 | 0.83 | 0.7499 | 0.2512 | 0.8959 |
| 12 weeks | 13.96 ± 1.76 | 14.14 ± 3.09 | ||||||
| ANG-II, pg/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 48.22 ± 35.00 | 49.89 ± 21.07 | −0.32 | −7.90, 7.26 | 0.93 | 0.8891 | 0.7105 | 0.8605 |
| 12 weeks | 47.31 ± 11.72 | 46.99 ± 9.57 | ||||||
| ET-1, pg/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 1.84 ± 0.61 | 1.78 ± 0.55 | −0.09 | −0.26, 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.4614 | 0.5415 | 0.8848 |
| 12 weeks | 1.92 ± 0.29 | 1.83 ± 0.15 | ||||||
| NO, umol/L | ||||||||
| Baseline | 16.20 ± 11.99 | 11.48 ± 6.68 | −0.76 | −6.09, 4.57 | 0.77 | 0.1644 | 0.6113 | 0.2957 |
| 12 weeks | 15.49 ± 2.86 | 14.72 ± 9.72 | ||||||
| OxLDL, pg/mL | ||||||||
| Baseline | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.38 ± 0.15 | 0.02 | −0.03, 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.0742 | 0.8274 | 0.2306 |
| 12 weeks | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | ||||||
Values are means ± standard deviation (SD). ANG-II, angiotensin II; CRP, C-reactive protein; ET-1, endothelial 1; MDA, malondialdehyde; NO, nitric oxide; OGG1, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase; OxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; 4HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. a The difference in each group was obtained via the outcome between baseline and 12-week, which was adjusted for baseline physical activity, dietary cholesterol, and MoCA score, assessed by ANCOVA; the difference between two groups was then evaluated via the Wilcoxon rank sum test, to account for the possibility of non-normal distribution. a p-value for the effects of group, time, and interaction of group and time via ANOVA. * p < 0.05 for baseline differences.