Fig. 3.

Thermal properties characterisation of PLA-HAp composite. The PLA composite is heated up from 22 °C to 110 °C (in red) and cooled down to 22 °C (in black) at a constant rate of 2 °C/min. The evolution of the PLA amorphous peak centre position is plotted with temperature. The first phase transition temperature range is identified at around 60 °C and cold crystallisation happens at about 90–100 °C and remains during cooling. This is further confirmed by the inset 2D WAXS patterns at selected temperatures. Red dashed circles show the phase transformation from amorphous peaks (22–92 °C) to crystalline peaks (after 110 °C).