Table 1.
Characterization of OA extract including phenolic compositions and biological activities.
| Parameters | Units | O. sativa | A. graveolens | OA extract | Standard reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total phenolic | μg GAE/mg extract | 824.62 ± 90.98 | 941.54 ± 41.63 | 1724.10 ± 159.73aaa,bb | — |
| Total flavonoids | μg quercetin/mg extract | 47.40 ± 2.98 | 23.81 ± 0.32 | 62.18 ± 1.03aaa,bbb | — |
| Antioxidant activities | |||||
| DPPH | EC50 (mg/ml) | 0.123 ± 0.01 | 0.065 ± 0.02 | 0.014 ± 0.003aa | 0.008 ± 0.002, ascorbic acid |
| FRAP | EC50 (mg/ml) | 2.56 ± 0.37 | 2.99 ± 0.055 | 1.19 ± 0.24a,b | 2.56 ± 0.14, ascorbic acid |
| Neuronal marker | |||||
| AChE inhibition | EC50 (mg/ml) | 2.03 ± 1.08 | 2.94 ± 0.62 | 1.98 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.001, donepezil |
| Inflammatory marker | |||||
| COX-2 inhibition | EC50 (mg/ml) | 9.37 ± 1.18 | 142.44 ± 15.82 | 1.73 ± 0.44bbb | 0.02 ± 0.001, indomethacin |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. a,aa,aaaP value < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively, compared with O. sativa and b,bb,bbbP value < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively, compared with A. graveolens. OA extract: the combined extract of O. sativa and A. graveolens.