Table 5-.
Natural and economic flows and renewability of different bean production systems in units’ ha−1
| Unit | Symbol in diagram | Renewability factor | Ecologic | Integrated | Low-input | Medium-input | High-input | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable environmental inputs | ||||||||
| Solar energy | J | J1 | 1 | 2.32E+13a | 2.32E+13a | 2.32E+13a | 2.32E+13a | 2.32E+13a |
| Wind, kinetic energy | J | J1 | 1 | 1.08E+09a | 1.08E+09a | 1.08E+09a | 1.08E+09a | 1.08E+09a |
| Rain, chemical | J | J1 | 1 | 1.62E+10a | 1.62E+10a | 1.62E+10a | 1.62E+10a | 1.62E+10a |
| Precipitation evapotranspiration | J | J15 | 1 | 5.54E+09a | 5.54E+09a | 5.54E+09a | 5.54E+09a | 5.54E+09a |
| Non-renewable environmental inputs | ||||||||
| Ground water evapotranspiration | J | J15 | 0 | 2.90E+10c | 4.08E+10b | 2.91E+10c | 4.07E+10b | 5.09E+10a |
| Soil erosion | J | J5 | 0 | 1.88E+09c | 1.99E+09b | 1.96E+09b | 2.16E+09b | 2.78E+09a |
| Groundwater | J | J2 | 0 | 1.28E+08e | 2.34E+08c | 1.83E+08d | 2.89E+08b | 3.59E+08a |
| Purchased inputs | ||||||||
| Human labour | J | J11 | 0.1 | 4.24E+08a | 3.51E+08b | 3.42E+08b | 3.42E+08b | 3.34E+08b |
| Machinery | g | J12 | 0 | 9.40E+03e | 1.69E+04c | 1.50E+04d | 2.26E+04b | 3.10E+04a |
| Fossil fuel and lubricant | J | J7 | 0 | 2.29E+09e | 4.14E+09c | 3.76E+09d | 5.60E+09b | 7.67E+09a |
| Nitrogen fertilizer | g | J8 | 0 | 0.00E+00d | 1.50E+05b | 7.50E+04c | 1.50E+05b | 2.25E+05a |
| Phosphorus fertilizer | g | J8 | 0 | 0.00E+00d | 1.00E+05b | 5.00E+04c | 1.00E+05b | 1.50E+05a |
| Potash fertilizer | g | J8 | 0 | 0.00E+00d | 1.00E+04b | 5.00E+03c | 1.00E+04b | 1.50E+04a |
| Micro fertilizer | g | J8 | 0 | 0.00E+00d | 5.00E+03b | 2.50E+03c | 5.00E+03b | 7.50E+03a |
| Organic fertilizer | g | J6 | 0.8 | 1.24E+07a | 4.65E+06b | 0.00E+00c | 0.00E+00c | 0.00E+00c |
| Pesticide | g | J13 | 0 | 0.00E+00d | 1.00E+03c | 1.00E+03c | 2.00E+03b | 3.00E+03a |
| Herbicide | g | J13 | 0 | 0.00E+00c | 1.00E+03b | 1.00E+03b | 2.50E+03a | 2.50E+03a |
| Electricity | J | J9 | 0.01 | 2.51E+03c | 3.52E+03b | 2.51E+03c | 3.52E+03b | 4.40E+03a |
| Seed | g | J10 | 0.43 | 6.90E+04a | 5.17E+04c | 5.75E+04b | 5.17E+04c | 4.60E+04d |
| Output | ||||||||
| Economic yield | g | J16 | 2.31E+06d | 3.19E+06a | 2.07E+06e | 2.88E+06c | 3.08E+06b | |
| Economic yield | J | J16 | 3.81E+10d | 5.27E+10a | 3.41E+10e | 4.76E+10c | 5.09E+10b | |
| Straw yield | g | J17 | 2.92E+06d | 4.04E+06a | 2.62E+06e | 3.65E+06c | 3.90E+06b | |
| Straw yield | J | J17 | 4.39E+10d | 6.06E+10a | 3.93E+10e | 5.48E+10c | 5.86E+10b |
Means in each row followed by similar letter(s) are not significantly different at 5% probability level, using Tukey’s range test at 5% level of probability.
Energy equivalent for bean grain is 16.51MJ/kg
Energy equivalent for bean straw is 15.01MJ/kg