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. 2019 Feb 27;10:171. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00171

Table 1.

Differential metabolites in pig livers among the amoxicillin (AM), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and control (CO) groups on day 7.

Metabolites Biological roles Metabolic subpathway FC1 VIP2 P-value3
AM/CO Glutamine Amino acid Arginine biosynthesis 3.34 1.464 0.007
Asparagine Amino acid Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism 1.81 1.355 0.016
Ornithine Amino acid Ornithine cycle 1.61 1.417 0.011
9,12-(Z,Z)-Octadecadienoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Linoleic acid metabolism 1.38 1.73 <0.001
9-(Z)-Octadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.35 1.77 <0.001
Arachidonic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Arachidonic acid metabolism 1.23 1.618 0.003
9-(Z)-Hexadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.17 1.416 0.012
Hexadecanoic acid Saturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.24 1.667 0.001
Octadecanoic acid Saturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.19 1.699 <0.001
Heptanoic acid Saturated fatty acids Others 1.15 1.493 0.004
1-Monohexadecanoylglycerol lipid Others 1.24 1.772 <0.001
1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol lipid Others 1.12 1.517 0.009
Pyruvic acid Organates/carboxylates Pyruvate metabolism 0.788 1.75 <0.001
Malic acid Organates/carboxylates TCA cycle 1.19 1.609 0.003
Fumaric acid Organates/carboxylates TCA cycle 1.25 1.625 0.001
Uridine nucleoside Pyrimidine metabolism 0.644 1.469 0.009
Adenosine-5-monophosphate nucleoside Purine metabolism 0.505 1.727 <0.001
Uridine-5-monophosphate nucleoside Pyrimidine metabolism 3.93 1.605 0.001
myo-Inositol-1-phosphate Carbohydrate Inositol phosphate metabolism 0.877 1.695 <0.001
Fructose Carbohydrate Fructose and mannose metabolism 0.834 1.284 0.026
Phosphoric acid Oxidative phosphorylation relatives Oxidative phosphorylation 0.931 1.283 0.024
FMT/CO Uridine-5-monophosphate nucleoside Pyrimidine metabolism 4.86 1.964 <0.01
Adenosine-5-monophosphate nucleoside Purine metabolism 0.277 1.936 <0.001
Glutamine Amino acid Arginine biosynthesis 4.83 1.69 0.001
Asparagine Amino acid Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism 2.29 1.662 0.003
S-methyl-Cysteine Amino acid Others 1.46 1.317 0.035
Octadecanoic acid Saturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.27 1.944 <0.001
Hexadecanoic acid Saturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.22 1.871 0.001
9,12-(Z,Z)-Octadecadienoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Linoleic acid metabolism 1.22 1.612 0.011
9-(Z)-Octadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 1.19 1.536 0.018
1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol lipid Others 1.14 1.33 0.023
1-Monohexadecanoylglycerol lipid Others 1.1 1.418 0.031
Xylose Carbohydrate Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism 0.877 1.412 0.026
Galactose Carbohydrate Galactose metabolism 0.867 1.336 0.043
Glucose Carbohydrate Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis 0.867 1.336 0.043
myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Carbohydrates Inositol phosphate metabolism 0.801 1.92 <0.001
1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene Aromatic compounds Others 0.915 1.433 0.028
Phosphoric acid Oxidative phosphorylation relatives Oxidative phosphorylation 0.908 1.493 0.021
Pyruvic acid Organates/carboxylates Pyruvate metabolism 0.828 1.773 0.002
FMT/AM Adenosine nucleoside Purine metabolism 1.65 1.985 0.001
Adenosine-5-monophosphate nucleoside Purine metabolism 0.548 1.975 0.001
Glyceric acid-3-phosphate lipid Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis 1.32 1.712 0.014
1-Monohexadecanoylglycerol lipid Others 0.885 1.825 0.006
myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Carbohydrate Inositol phosphate metabolism 0.914 1.691 0.015
myo-Inositol Carbohydrate Galactose metabolism 0.729 1.457 0.049
9-(Z)-Hexadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 0.892 1.535 0.040
9-(Z)-Octadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid biosynthesis 0.88 1.484 0.050
Oxalic acid carboxylates Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism 0.945 1.465 0.046
1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene Aromatic compounds Others 0.935 1.588 0.022
Heptanoic acid Saturated fatty acids Others 0.877 1.852 0.004

1FC = fold change for concentration of metabolites derived from AM, FMT and CO groups. 2VIP = variable importance projection. This value was got from PLS-DA model with a threshold of 1. 3The significance P-value was got from Wilcoxon rank sum test with a threshold of 0.05.