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. 2019 Apr;369(1):9–25. doi: 10.1124/jpet.118.254854

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9.

PNA5 inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Figure 9 illustrates those cytokines in Fig. 8 that showed a significant treatment effect of PNA5. PNA5 significantly inhibited TNF-α (HF-PNA5 mice, 1.04 ± 0.5 pg/ml; HF-saline mice, 3.9 ± 1.2 pg/ml; P = 0.03; *P < 0.05) (A), IL-7 (HF-PNA5 mice, 2.04 + 0.5 pg/ml; HF-saline mice, 4.4 + 0.6 pg/ml; P = 0.01; *P < 0.05) (B), and GCSF (HF-PNA5 mice, 239.0 ± 10.3 pg/ml; HF-saline mice, 436.2 ± 77.4; P = 0.01; *P < 0.05) (C) compared with saline-treated HF animals. HF alone (HF-saline) increased IL-6 levels compared with those in controls (D). PNA5 trended to inhibit IL-6 but did not reach significance (HF-PNA5 mice, 9.2 ± 1.8 pg/ml; HF-saline mice, 15.8 ± 6.1 pg/ml; control mice, 1.2 ± 0.6; control vs. HF-saline mice, P = 0.02, *P < 0.05.) HF alone also increased MIP1a levels (HF-PNA5 mice, 70.8 ± 11 pg/ml; HF-saline mice, 67.9 ± 6 pg/ml; control mice, 32.6 ± 9; control vs. HF-saline mice, P = 0.01; *P < 0.05). HF-saline (E) increased MIP2 (F) compared with controls, and PNA5 increased MIP2 further than HF-saline (F) (HF-PNA5 mice, 225.6 ± 24 pg/ml; HF-saline mice, 155.8 ± 17 pg/ml; control mice, 65.0 ± 11; HF-saline vs. control mice, P = 0.002; HF-PNA5 vs. HF-saline mice, P = 0.04; *P < 0.05.