Figure 6. Golgi ultrastructure in achondrogenesis 1A (ACG1A) and odontochondrodysplasia (ODCD).

(A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of patient and control cells. Blue arrowheads mark normal Golgi stacks; red arrowheads mark Golgi mini stacks, while red asterisks depict Golgi vesiculation. Scale bar: 500 nm. (B) Quantification of cells with abnormal vesiculation, defined as peri-Golgi circular profiles with a diameter of >100 nm (n > 25). The number of cells with large vesicular profiles was compared using a χ² test. Statistical significance cut-offs were set as follows: **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.