. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 12.

Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Aug;156(2):e41–e74. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.115

TABLE 5.

Recommendations for aortic repair in patients with bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy

Recommendation	Class/LOE
Repair of the ascending aorta/root is recommended when the aortic diameter is ≥55 mm in patients without risk factors	I/B^{26,27,33,155,226}
Repair of the ascending aorta/root should be performed when the aortic diameter is ≥50 mm in patients with risk factors (ie, root phenotype or predominant AI, uncontrolled hypertension, family history of aortic dissection/sudden death, coarctation, aortic growth >3 mm/y)	IIa/B^{26,27,33,155,226}
Repair of the ascending aorta/root may be performed in patients with an aortic diameter of ≥50 mm when the patients are at low surgical risk and operated on by an experienced aortic team in a center with established surgical results.	IIb/C^2,174
Concomitant repair of the ascending aorta/ root should be performed when the aortic diameter is ≥45 mm in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.	IIa/B^{26,33,57,155,166,191}
Repair of the aortic arch is recommended in patients with an aortic arch diameter of ≥55 mm.	I/B^221,227
Concomitant repair of the aortic arch should be performed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with an aortic arch diameter of ≥50 mm.	IIa/C²²⁸
Concomitant repair of the aortic arch may be performed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with an aortic arch diameter of ≥45 mm, provided the patients are at low surgical risk and operated on by an experienced aortic team with established surgical results.	IIb/C²²⁰
It is recommended that patients undergoing elective aortic arch repair be referred to an experienced aortic team with established surgical results.	I/B^224,225

LOE, Level of evidence; AI, aortic insufficiency.