Table 3. Univariate associations with GiW dietary patterns, identified by linear regression.
| ‘Western’ | ‘Health conscious’ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | |
| Fetal sex | ||||
| Female | ref | ref | ||
| Male | .02 | -.20, .25 | .18 | -.04, .41 |
| Maternal BMI at booking | .01 | -.01, .03 | -.04*** | -.06, -.02 |
| Maternal age at booking | -.03** | -.05, -.01 | .07*** | .05, .09 |
| Parity | ||||
| Multiparous | ref | ref | ||
| Nulliparous | .16 | -.13, .44 | -.08 | -.36, .20 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | .00 | -.02, .01 | .00 | -.01, .02 |
| Gestational Diabetes (GDM) | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | -.11 | -.63, .42 | .27 | -.25, .79 |
| Highest education level | ||||
| Left before GCSE | .54** | .02, 1.06 | -.66** | -1.14, -.19 |
| GCSE & Vocational | .35** | .04, .66 | -.76*** | -1.04, -.47 |
| A-level | .10 | -.29, .49 | -.73*** | -1.08, -.37 |
| University | ref | ref | ||
| Postgraduate | -.06 | -.37, .25 | .30** | .02, .57 |
| Family income | ||||
| <18,000 | .16 | -.25, .56 | -.92*** | -1.31, -.53 |
| 18–25,000 | .42** | .02, .83 | -.42** | -.81, -.03 |
| 25–43,000 | -.02 | -.32, .28 | -.61*** | -.90, -.32 |
| >43,000 | ref | ref | ||
| Do not wish to say | .60** | .24, .96 | .37** | -.72, -.02 |
| Conception | ||||
| Natural | ref | ref | ||
| Assisted | .04 | -.52, .59 | .09 | -.46, .65 |
| Smoking in pregnancya | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | .43** | .06, .80 | -.53** | -.90, -.16 |
| Alcohol in pregnancya | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | .02 | -.22, .26 | .01 | -.22, .25 |
| Strenuous exercise | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | -.31** | -.60, -.01 | .59** | .29, .88 |
| WIMD score | -2.68x10-4** | -4.44x10-4, -9.14x10-5 | 2.41x10-4** | 6.54x10-5, 4.17x10-4 |
Ref, Reference; BMI, Body mass index; WIMD, Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation.
aAt any point in pregnancy.
** p < .05,
*** p < .001.