Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the 209 study patients before and after TAVI
| Variable |
Pacemaker/ICD implant post-TAVI |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 165) | Yes (n = 44) | ||
| Pre-TAVI | |||
| Mean aortic annulus/LV outflow tract (mm) ± SD | 24.7 ± 2.8 | 25.1 ± 2.3 | 0.32 |
| Median preoperative ejection fraction (%) (range) | 60 (15–78) | 60 (20–70) | 0.99 |
| Median interventricular septum width (cm) (range) | 1.2 (0.6–3.0) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.97 |
| Median LV end diastolic diameter (cm) (range) | 4.6 (0.9–6.8) | 4.5 (3.4–6.8) | 0.92 |
| Median LV end systolic diameter (cm) (range) | 3 (1.2–6.1) | 3 (1.4–4.8) | 0.88 |
| Median QRS duration (ms) (range) | 99 (70–188) | 108 (70–174) | 0.08 |
| Median PR interval (ms) (range) | 182 (118–440) | 181 (142–334) | 0.44 |
| Median sum of QRS and PR (ms) (range) | 284 (208–540) | 303 (218–438) | 0.06 |
| Left bundle branch block | 15 (9%) | 6 (14%) | 0.39 |
| Incomplete left bundle branch block | 0 | 3 (7%) | 0.009 |
| Right bundle branch block | 12 (7%) | 11 (25%) | 0.001 |
| Incomplete right bundle branch block | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | NS |
| Left anterior fascicular block | 6 (4%) | 1 (2%) | NS |
| Bifascicular block | 2 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0.52 |
| Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0.21 |
| Balloon | 54 (33%) | 16 (36%) | 0.67 |
| Medications | |||
| Beta-blocker | 51 (31%) | 17 (39%) | 0.34 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 30 (18%) | 5 (11%) | 0.28 |
| Angiotension II receptor blocker | 6 (4%) | 3 (7%) | 0.40 |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | 95 (58%) | 20 (46%) | 0.14 |
| Antiarrhythmic agents | 3 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1.0 |
| Post-TAVI | |||
| Valve size (mm), median (range) | 29 (21–31) | 29 (23–31) | 0.25 |
| Interventricular septum width (cm), median (range) | 1.2 (0.6–4.1) | 1.3 (0.7–1.8) | 0.25 |
| LV end diastolic diameter (cm), median (range) | 4.7 (1.2–6.7) | 4.5 (2.4–6.1) | 0.25 |
| LV end systolic diameter (cm), median (range) | 3.2 (1.0–5.9) | 3.3 (1.5–5.0) | 0.93 |
| Median QRS duration (ms) (range) | 136 (68–196) | 150 (122–212) | <0.001 |
| Median PR interval (ms) (range) | 188 (130–480) | 212 (150–320) | 0.004 |
| Median sum of QRS and PR (ms) (range) | 324 (226–578) | 357 (292–478) | <0.001 |
| Left bundle branch block | 72 (45.9%) | 28 (82.4%) | <0.001 |
| Incomplete left bundle branch block | 3 (2%) | 0 | NS |
| Right bundle branch block | 8 (5%) | 6 (18%) | 0.009 |
| Incomplete right bundle branch block | 5 (3.2%) | 0 | 0.59 |
| Left anterior fascicular block | 5 (3%) | 2 (6%) | 0.34 |
| Left posterior fascicular block | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | NS |
| Bifascicular block | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (6%) | 0.08 |
| Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay | 9 (6%) | 1 (3%) | NS |
| Balloon | 34 (21%) | 7 (16%) | 0.48 |
| Medications | |||
| Beta-blocker | 49 (30%) | 19 (43%) | 0.09 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 36 (22%) | 9 (21%) | 0.85 |
| Angiotension II receptor blocker | 7 (4%) | 3 (7%) | 0.44 |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | 84 (51%) | 17 (39%) | 0.15 |
| Antiarrhythmic agents | 5 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 0.64 |
| Type of valve | 0.07 | ||
| Core valve | 112 (68%) | 36 (82%) | |
| Edwards SAPIEN | 23 (14%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Evolut core valve | 23 (14%) | 4 (9%) | |
| Lotus | 7 (4%) | 3 (7%) | |
| Mean oversizing percentage ± SD | 30.9 ± 23.4 | 30.4 ± 14.6 | 0.85 |
ICD indicates implantable cardioverter defibrillator; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; LV, left ventricular; NS, not significant; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.