Table 3.
Percentages of E. coli isolates from broilers exhibiting resistance to antibiotics in China, based on Dai et al. (2008), Chen et al. (2014), Ho et al. (2011), Gai et al. (2015), Lei et al. (2010), Jiang et al. (2011), Lu et al. (2010), Wu et al. (2015), Yang et al. (2004), Yu et al. (2012), and Zhang et al. (2012a,b, 2014, 2016).
| Class | Compound | % res | % res min | % res max | No. of studies | No. of isolates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides | Amikacin | 18 | 3 | 46 | 10 | 2,784 |
| Apramycin | 68 | 1 | 45 | |||
| Gentamycin | 50 | 9 | 82 | 11 | 2,302 | |
| Kanamycin | 59 | 24 | 97 | 5 | 951 | |
| Neomycin | 26 | 7 | 50 | 3 | 705 | |
| Spectinomycin | 26 | 15 | 42 | 3 | 403 | |
| Streptomycin | 71 | 47 | 97 | 6 | 1,480 | |
| Tobramycin | 14 | 1 | 389 | |||
| Carbapenems | Meropenem | 0 | 1 | 540 | ||
| Cephalosporines | Cefalexin | 8 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 553 |
| Cefazoline | 33 | 9 | 92 | 4 | 1,157 | |
| Cefotaxime | 37 | 21 | 52 | 2 | 627 | |
| Ceftazidime | 18 | 1 | 540 | |||
| Ceftiofur | 45 | 0 | 90 | 2 | 116 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 4 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 647 | |
| Cefalothin | 32 | 27 | 41 | 4 | 1,206 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | Difloxacin | 91 | 1 | 71 | ||
| Ciprofloxacin | 62 | 32 | 100 | 8 | 2,272 | |
| Enrofloxacin | 71 | 38 | 100 | 7 | 1,479 | |
| Gatifloxacin | 67 | 1 | 71 | |||
| Levofloxacin | 44 | 21 | 63 | 4 | 1,187 | |
| Norfloxacin | 53 | 21 | 100 | 5 | 1,322 | |
| Ofloxacin | 37 | 24 | 50 | 2 | 476 | |
| Orbifloxacin | 76 | 1 | 71 | |||
| Sarafloxacin | 100 | 1 | 71 | |||
| Sulfadimidine | 100 | 1 | 45 | |||
| Fosfomycins | Fosfomycin | 16 | 1 | 540 | ||
| Monobactams | Aztreonam | 10 | 1 | 540 | ||
| Nitrofurans | Nitrofurantoins | 3 | 1 | 540 | ||
| Penicillines | Amoxicillin | 54 | 1 | 389 | ||
| Ampicillin | 81 | 60 | 100 | 10 | 2,581 | |
| Piperacillin | 30 | 1 | 540 | |||
| Phenicols | Chloramphenicol | 44 | 24 | 69 | 6 | 1,854 |
| Florfenicol | 41 | 15 | 78 | 4 | 682 | |
| Quinolone | Nalidixic acid | 91 | 81 | 94 | 5 | 1,465 |
| Polymyxins | Colistin | 9 | 5 | 13 | 2 | 251 |
| Polymyxin B | 1 | 1 | 389 | |||
| Sulfonamides | Sulfamethoxazole | 76 | 58 | 92 | 3 | 294 |
| Sulfisoxazole | 83 | 1 | 87 | |||
| Doxycycline | 79 | 48 | 93 | 6 | 1,594 | |
| Tetracyclines | Tetracycline | 87 | 85 | 100 | 9 | 2,164 |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate | 50 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 1,156 | |
| Combination of antimicrobials | Cefoperazone- Sulbactam | 51 | 1 | 373 | ||
| Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole | 78 | 66 | 93 | 8 | 2,314 |
% res—average value of percentages of antibiotic resistant E. coli found in referenced studies.
% res min—minimal value of percentages of antibiotic resistant E. coli found in referenced studies.
% res max—maximal value of percentages of antibiotic resistant E. coli found in referenced studies.