Table 2.
Daily energy and energy-adjusted† nutrient intakes and Spearman’s correlation coefficients estimated by the three-day semi-weighed dietary records (DR) and the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BHDQ) among the eighty very old Japanese men and women (aged 80 years or older), June–August 2012 and June 2015–February 2016
| Energy/nutrient | Unit | Daily intake | Spearman’s correlation coefficient | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DR | BDHQ | |||||
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |||
| Energy | kJ/d | 7666 | 6516–8815 | 6871* | 5856–8812 | 0·58 |
| Protein | g/d | 72·6 | 66·1–76·8 | 73·0 | 67·5–80·3 | 0·32 |
| Fat | g/d | 57·7 | 51·6–62·3 | 55·7 | 49·1–61·4 | 0·37 |
| SFA | g/d | 16·16 | 12·53–18·94 | 15·15 | 13·40–17·08 | 0·48 |
| MUFA | g/d | 20·02 | 16·46–22·47 | 19·73 | 16·43–21·53 | 0·35 |
| PUFA | g/d | 12·55 | 10·31–14·41 | 12·66 | 11·00–15·10 | 0·43 |
| n-6 PUFA | g/d | 10·12 | 8·11–11·41 | 9·96 | 8·28–11·78 | 0·43 |
| n-3 PUFA | g/d | 2·31 | 1·79–2·95 | 2·82*** | 2·42–3·26 | 0·37 |
| Marine-origin n-3 PUFA‡ | g/d | 0·93 | 0·62–1·36 | 0·98 | 0·81–1·40 | 0·36 |
| EPA acid | g/d | 0·29 | 0·17–0·44 | 0·33* | 0·26–0·49 | 0·34 |
| DHA | g/d | 0·52 | 0·36–0·71 | 0·56 | 0·45–0·78 | 0·36 |
| α-Linolenic acid | g/d | 1·24 | 0·93–1·53 | 1·61*** | 1·18–1·88 | 0·37 |
| Cholesterol | mg/d | 331 | 274–399 | 439*** | 364–517 | 0·36 |
| Carbohydrate | g/d | 250·1 | 237·6–267·4 | 233·6*** | 215·9–256·1 | 0·42 |
| Total dietary fibre | g/d | 15·6 | 12·9–19·0 | 14·2** | 12·3–16·4 | 0·42 |
| Soluble dietary fibre | g/d | 3·6 | 2·8–4·1 | 3·6 | 3·0–4·0 | 0·56 |
| Insoluble dietary fibre | g/d | 11·4 | 9·5–14·0 | 9·9*** | 8·6–11·4 | 0·39 |
| Alcohol | g/d | 2·1 | 0·4–5·0 | 1·2* | 0·2–3·3 | 0·66 |
| Retinol | μg/d | 232 | 132–336 | 366*** | 284–661 | 0·20 |
| Vitamin A (retinol equivalents)§ | μg/d | 573 | 430–792 | 808*** | 598–1112 | 0·46 |
| α-Carotene | μg/d | 351 | 233–653 | 341 | 268–697 | 0·44 |
| β-Carotene | μg/d | 3547 | 2310–5307 | 3664 | 2543–5097 | 0·50 |
| β-Carotene equivalents║ | μg/d | 3856 | 2585–6135 | 3907 | 2995–5826 | 0·51 |
| Cryptoxanthin | μg/d | 90 | 45–336 | 353** | 133–665 | 0·13 |
| Vitamin D | μg/d | 8·5 | 5·1–11·5 | 16·3*** | 12·8–23·4 | 0·28 |
| α-Tocopherol | mg/d | 8·1 | 7·0–9·6 | 8·2 | 7·0–9·9 | 0·42 |
| Vitamin K | μg/d | 207 | 161–338 | 308*** | 248–444 | 0·54 |
| Thiamin | mg/d | 0·99 | 0·84–1·14 | 0·86*** | 0·76–1·00 | 0·22 |
| Riboflavin | mg/d | 1·45 | 1·18–1·67 | 1·50 | 1·34–1·66 | 0·23 |
| Niacin | mg/d | 16·2 | 13·9–19·5 | 16·9 | 14·9–19·7 | 0·53 |
| Vitamin B6 | mg/d | 1·38 | 1·18–1·68 | 1·37 | 1·20–1·58 | 0·64 |
| Vitamin B12 | μg/d | 6·7 | 4·3–11·0 | 9·5*** | 7·2–12·1 | 0·33 |
| Folate | μg/d | 405 | 337–511 | 416 | 367–491 | 0·39 |
| Pantothenic acid | mg/d | 6·21 | 5·52–7·13 | 7·10*** | 6·40–7·67 | 0·46 |
| Vitamin C | mg/d | 134 | 107–171 | 152** | 121–199 | 0·52 |
| Na | mg/d | 3846 | 3162–4381 | 4288*** | 3787–4971 | 0·33 |
| K | mg/d | 2901 | 2473–3410 | 2892 | 2586–3365 | 0·50 |
| Ca | mg/d | 622 | 514–725 | 652* | 550–762 | 0·32 |
| Mg | mg/d | 283 | 242–319 | 272 | 253–315 | 0·40 |
| P | mg/d | 1088 | 1011–1213 | 1153** | 1048–1267 | 0·27 |
| Fe | mg/d | 8·7 | 7·4–10·7 | 8·7 | 8·0–10·1 | 0·38 |
| Zn | mg/d | 7·9 | 7·4–8·5 | 8·2* | 7·5–9·0 | 0·29 |
| Cu | mg/d | 1·25 | 1·07–1·37 | 1·19 | 1·08–1·29 | 0·39 |
| Mn | mg/d | 3·78 | 3·18–4·99 | 3·94 | 3·18–4·26 | 0·48 |
IQR, interquartile range.
Significant differences between the DR and BDHQ: *P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).
†
Energy adjustment was performed according to the residual method.
‡
Sum of EPA, DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) and DHA.
§
Sum of retinol, β-carotene/12, α-carotene/24 and cryptoxanthin/24.
║
Sum of β-carotene and α-carotene/2 and cryptoxanthin/2.