Table 1. Gender-specific outcomes in patients diagnosed with NMIBC treated with organ-preserving therapy.
| Study | Number of pts | Gender distribution [%] | Stage distribution [%] | Median follow-up (years) | Restaging TUR | BCG therapy | Impact of female gender on progression risk (F:M HR, P) | Impact of female gender on recurrence risk (F:M HR, P) | Impact of female gender on DSM risk (F:M HR, P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palou et al. (7) | 146 | F: 18 [12]; M: 128 [88] |
Ta: 0 [0]; T1: 146 [100]; CIS: 0 [0]; cCIS: 95 [65] |
8.7 | No | Induction only | ↑ (HR 3.59, P=0.001, 95% CI: 1.64–7.88) | ↑ (HR 2.53 P=0.0003, 95% CI: 1.50–4.25) | ↑ (HR 3.53, P=0.004, 95% CI: 1.40–8.89) |
| Fernandez et al. (8) | 1,062 | F: 111 (10.5); M: 951 (89.5) |
Ta: 214 [20]; T1: 848 [80]; CIS: 0 [0]; cCIS: 80 [8] |
5.75 | No | Induction only | ↔ (HR 1.007, P=0.98, 95% CI: 0.578–1.757) | ↑ (HR 1.801 P=0.0001, 95% CI: 1.331–2.436) | NR |
| Boorijan et al. (42) | 1,021 | F: 265 [26]; M: 756 [74] |
Ta: 612 [60]; T1: 409 [40]; CIS: 0 [0]; cCIS: 629 [62] |
>5 | Yes | Induction only |
↔ (HR 1.01, P=0.35, 95% CI: 0.79–1.11) | ↔ (HR 1.01, P=0.95, 95% CI: 0.85–1.63) | NR |
| Kluth et al. (41) | 916 | F: 190 [21]; M: 726 [79] |
Ta: 0 [0]; T1: 916 [100]; CIS: 0 [0]; cCIS: 53 [6] |
3.6 | No | Induction only: 234 [26] | ↔ (HR 1.247 P=0.32, 95% CI: 0.798–1.947) | ↑ (HR 1.312, P=0.026, 95% CI: 1.033–1.668) | ↔ (HR 1.137 P=0.677, 95% CI: 0.622–2.078) |
| Gontero et al. (44) | 2,451 | F: 439 [18]; M: 2,012 [82] |
Ta: 0 [0]; T1: 2,451 [100]; CIS: 0 [0]; cCIS: 599 [24] |
5.2 | Yes: 935 [38] | Induction only | ↔ (HR 1.31 P=0.015, 95% CI: 1.05–1.64) | ↔ (HR 1.07 P=0.32, 95% CI: 0.93–1.24) | ↔ (HR 1.10, P=0.56, 95% CI: 0.74–1.13) |
| Takenaka et al. (45) | 185 | F: 30 [16]; M: 155 [84] |
Ta: 14 [8]; T1: 46 [25]; CIS: 125 [68]; cCIS: 185 [100] |
3.1 | No | Induction only | ↔ (HR 0.143, P=0.085, 95% CI: 0.024–1.323) | NR | NR |
| Holz et al. (46) | 123 | F: 14 [11]; M: 109 [89] |
Ta: 21 [17]; T1: 102 [83]; CIS: 0 [0]; cCIS: 48 [39] |
4.7 | Yes: 27 [22] | Induction + Maintenance | ↔ (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.22–3.49) | ↔ (HR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.3–1.9) | NR |
↑, increased risk; ↔, no impact. NR, not reported; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; P, probability value; M, male; F, female; CIS, carcinoma in situ; cCIS, concomitant carcinoma in situ; TUR, transurethral resection; BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin.