CgRds2 alters membrane integrity in a CgHog1-mediated manner. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of membrane integrity in the wild-type (wt), Cgrds2Δ, Cgrds2Δ CgRDS2, and Cgrds22A strains at 0 M NaCl and 1.5 M NaCl. Q3 region, the percentage of PI-stained cells, suggesting that cell membrane was destroyed by osmotic stress; Q4 region, the percentage of PI-unstained cells, suggesting that cell membrane was intact in osmotic stress. (B and C) Quantification of membrane integrity in the wild-type (wt), Cgrds2Δ, Cgrds2Δ/CgRDS2, and Cgrds22A strains at 0 M NaCl and 1.5 M NaCl. All data are presented as mean values of three independent experiments. Error bars indicate the standard deviations. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.