Table 1.

Behaviour ratings before and after real-time fMRI Neurofeedback training for the rIFC-neurofeedback and lPHG-neurofeedback control ADHD groups. The primary and secondary outcome measures that were used for correlation analyses are printed in bold. ES d = effect size (Cohen's d); SD: Standard deviation.

	Pre-fMRI- neurofeedback	Post fMRI- neurofeedback	Pre-Post
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	F	p	ES d
rIFC-neurofeedback group (N=18)				F (1,17)
ADHD-Rating Scale
ADHD-RS total score	36.72 (9.43)	30.15 (11.63)	6.00	0.025	0.62
ADHD-RS inattention	19.83 (4.46)	15.94 (6.78)	6.38	0.022	0.68
ADHD-RS hyperactivity/impulsivity	16.89 (5.71)	14.21 (6.15)	3.82	0.067	0.45
Conner's Parent Rating Scale (T-score)
ADHD index	13.61 (4.80)	10.67 (5.79)	5.29	0.034	0.55
Global index	84.06 (6.81)	76.42 (12.16)	8.91	0.008	0.78
Inattention	81.72 (7.20)	74.30 (9.19)	8.45	0.010	0.90
Hyperactivity/impulsivity	85.06 (9.56)	78.83 (14.42)	9.15	0.008	0.51
lPHG-neurofeedback control group (N=13)				F (1,12)
ADHD-Rating Scale
ADHD-RS total score	37.77 (11.39)	29.30 (10.95)	49.42	<0.001	0.76
ADHD-RS inattention	20.92 (4.59)	16.04 (6.28)	30.47	<0.001	0.89
ADHD-RS hyperactivity/impulsivity	16.85 (7.48)	13.26 (6.14)	16.35	0.002	0.52
Conner's Parent Rating Scale (T-score)
ADHD index	16.46 (2.88)	11.90 (5.20)	18.63	0.001	1.08
Global index	87.31 (6.10)	80.64 (13.12)	6.30	0.027	0.65
Inattention	84.92 (5.81)	76.61 (10.89)	7.18	0.020	0.95
Hyperactivity/impulsivity	85.92 (9.28)	81.05 (13.04)	3.61	0.082	0.43