Skip to main content
. 2019 Mar 6;13:43. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00043

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Intra-BLA infusion of norepinephrine (NE) induced a dose-dependent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like memory impairments. (A) NE (0.3 μg/0.2 μl) administered into the BLA immediately after fear conditioning impaired retention of contextual fear memory and enhanced retention of cue fear memory. Concurrent infusion of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) antagonist DL-propranolol (0.5 μg/0.2 μl) blocked this NE-induced memory impairments. Results represent mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ##P < 0.01 compared with vehicle. (B) NE (0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 μg/0.2 μl) administered into the BLA immediately after fear conditioning dose-dependent impaired retention of contextual fear memory. Results represent mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ##P < 0.01 compared with vehicle. (C) NE (0.3 μg/0.2 μl) induced PTSD-like memory impairments, which increased the response to 2 kHz tone but not to white noise. Results represent mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 vs. 1 kHz cue.