Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Feb 21;6(3):525–536. doi: 10.1002/acn3.724

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2019 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

PMC Copyright notice

Alterations in benzoate and related metabolites in patients with parkin‐linked Parkinson's disease. Benzoate is produced from microbial degradation of dietary aromatic compounds in the intestine. The benzoate degradation pathway includes products of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), as well as secondary bile acids, and is associated with microbial action in the gut. Significantly lower levels of benzoate and its metabolites were detected in patients than controls. Green (P < 0.05) columns indicate a significantly lower metabolite ratio and trending lower level of metabolites than controls, respectively. Black columns indicate no significant differences between patients and control subjects. Parkin, parkin‐linked Parkinson's disease.