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. 2019 Mar 12;9:4200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41061-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HNF4α regulates GIP and GLP-1 expression in the mouse intestine. (A) Hnf4a gene expression relative to Tbp measured in the jejunum and colon of 1 week-old control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 4–6). (B) Gip and Gcg gene expression relative to Tbp measured in the jejunum and colon of control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 4–8). (C) GIP protein level quantified by ELISA in the jejunum of control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 5–10). (D) GLP-1 protein level quantified by ELISA in the colon of control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 5–10). Enteroendocrine cells immunopositive for GIP (E) or GLP-1 (F) were counted per crypt-villus axes along the intestinal tract from both control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 3). Representative immunostaining of enteroendocrine cells expressing GIP in the duodenum (G) and GLP-1 in the colon (H) of control and HNF4α^ΔIEC mice.