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. 2019 Mar 12;9:4200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41061-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nutrition behaviors and energy metabolism in HNF4α^ΔIEC mice. (A) Weight curves for adult control (black squares) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (blue squares) mice (n = 4–13). (B) Cumulative food intake was monitored in metabolic cages during 6 consecutive days for both adult control (black squares) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (blue squares) mice (n = 5–6). (C) Calorie density determined from fecal samples collected from 4-month-old and 7-month-old control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 3–5). (D) Sleeping time monitored in metabolic cages and calculated as the mean of 3 consecutive days for both adult control (black columns) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (white columns) mice (n = 7). Oxygen consumption (E), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (F), and energy expenditure (EE) (G) measurements acquired for 3 consecutive days for both adult control (black circles) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (blue circles) mice (n = 7) with corresponding area under the curve (AUC). Estimated oxidative rates for carbohydrates (H) and fat (I) with AUC calculated for 3 consecutive days for both adult control (black circles) and HNF4α^ΔIEC (blue circles) mice (n = 7).