FIG 1.

CR reduced the intestinal permeability and protected the epithelium from CTX. (A) Histological section by HE staining. (B) Histological scores of colon epithelium based on inflammation and mucosal damage. For each group, there were five mice (n = 5) every day. (C) BrdU staining of colon slices. Red arrows point to stem cells. (D) Number of ISC per 10 crypts. For each group, n = 5. (E) Concentration of FITC in serum at 2 days CTX injection. (F) Number of bacteria (CFU) in the MLN and spleen. (G) Concentration of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in serum after CTX injection. The data are shown as means ± SEM (error bars). Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze variation at the same time point. Values that are statistically significantly different are indicated by bars and asterisks as follows: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.