Table 3.
Processing of PVDF and its copolymers for obtaining different morphologies.
| Morphology | Method | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Films | Doctor blade | [147,148,149] |
| Spin coating | [75,76,77,150,151,152] | |
| Printing | [153,154,155,156] | |
| Porous films | Non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) | [78,135,157,158] |
| Temperature induced phase separation (TIPS) | [149,159,160] | |
| Salt leaching | [144] | |
| Nylon template | ||
| Freeze extraction | ||
| Replica moulding | [145] | |
| Fibres | Electrospinning | [136,161,162,163,164] |
| Microspheres | Electrospray | [146,165] |
| Gelation | [166] |